五種正見(莫哥西亞多開示錄)


更新:西元 2025-01-17


特別聲明:本篇文章尚未完全校對妥當;疏漏錯繆難免,讀者應慎思明辨。僅供法友參考;並祈藉此拋磚引玉,眾法友能共襄盛舉,共同圓滿此譯事。 Nanda 謹識。


Five Kinds of Right View

26th Feb 1960 to 2nd March 1960 (In Mandalay)

T1

(Sayadaw explained the five kinds of right view one by one.)

(1). Kammassakatā Sammādiṭṭhi—Belief in law of kamma (cause and effect)

(2). Jhāna Sammādiṭṭhi—Right view in jhāna

[(1) and (2) can be existed outside the Buddha’s Teachings.)

(3). Vipassanā Sammādiṭṭhi—Right view in insight knowledge ( With this knowledge by practicing hard in this life can be realized Nibbāna.)

(4). Magga Sammādiṭṭhi—Right view of the path knowledge (Its result is cutting off the round of rebirth.)

(5). Phala Sammādiṭṭhi—Right view in the fruition knowledge. Only with the Path (magga) that the Fruit (phala) can be possible. From (3) to (5) are the practices of the holy life (Maggabrahmacariya). The practice of the holy life is working on the arising process of Dependent Origination (paṭicca‐samuppāda). When the 5‐khandhas are arising, what happen to them? Just make this habitual exercise on them. As an example, when you are hearing a sound, it appears in the ear and disappears there. Make this habitual exercise. After hearing and not existing is passing away. Other khandhas are also passing away with it.(In this talk, Sayadaw referred to the 6‐sense doors ~ eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind ~ as the six beggars who are always asking for what they want.)

五種正見

1960年2月26日至3月2日(於曼德勒)

T1

(大師逐一講解了五種正見。)

  1. 業果正見(Kammassakatā Sammādiṭṭhi)——對業(因果法則)的信念。
  2. 禪那正見(Jhāna Sammādiṭṭhi)——禪那中的正見。

(註:以上兩種正見(1和2)可以存在於佛陀教法之外。)

  1. 觀智正見(Vipassanā Sammādiṭṭhi)——對觀智的正見。(通過此智,在今生勤奮修行,可證得涅槃。)
  2. 道智正見(Magga Sammādiṭṭhi)——對道智的正見。(其果報是斷除輪迴。)
  3. 果智正見(Phala Sammādiṭṭhi)——對果智的正見。(唯有通過道智(Magga),才能達成果智(Phala)。)

從第三種到第五種是聖道修行(Maggabrahmacariya)的實踐。聖道修行是針對緣起法(paṭicca‐samuppāda)的生起過程進行的修習。當五蘊(五蘊:色、受、想、行、識)生起時,會發生什麼?只需將此觀察習慣化。例如,當你聽到聲音時,聲音出現在耳中,並在耳中消失。將此觀察習慣化——聽到後聲音不再存在,便是滅去。其他蘊也同樣隨之滅去。

(在此次講座中,大師將六根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)比喻為「六個乞丐」,它們總是在追求自己想要的東西。)

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五種正見

1960年2月26日至3月2日 (於曼德勒)

T1

(沙彌答逐一解釋五種正見。)

(1). 業感正見 – 信業報 (因果) 之法 (2). 禪定正見 – 禪定之正見 [(1) 和 (2) 可能存在於佛陀教法之外。] (3). 慧見 – 洞見之正見 (此知見透過今生之精進修行,可證得涅槃。) (4). 道見 – 道之正見 (其結果是斷除輪迴。) (5). 果見 – 果之正見。 唯有道 (magga) 方能成就果 (phala)。 從 (3) 至 (5) 為聖道梵行之修行。 聖道梵行是對依止緣起 (paṭicca‐samuppāda) 發生過程之修行。 當五蘊生起時,發生何事? 僅將此作為習慣性之練習。 舉例而言,當您聽到聲音時,它出現在耳中並消失於耳中。 將此作為習慣性之練習。 聽聞之後而不存在即為滅去。 其他蘊亦隨之滅去。(在此談話中,沙彌答將六根 – 眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意 – 比喻為六位乞丐,總是索求其所欲。)

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T2

(In this talk, Sayadaw gave the instruction on Vedanānupassanā. According to the Sayadaw, in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta the Buddha separated the 5‐khandhas into four groups for sati to the suttanta way. Actually they arise and cease together. Yogi usually does not clear about these. We should mindful whatever khandha is clear to us. Sayadaw said: the 5‐khandhas always starting from consciousness (viññāṇa) and easy to discern. The first stage of realization (entering the stream) is destroying wrong view and doubt. Most people take the mind as a permanent soul (also most of the religions), so the important of cittānupassanā. Sayadaw taught how to develop insight. By watching and observing whatever arises will discern anicca. But it does not mean that we see the arising and ceasing at the same moment. With sati we see the arising (saṅkhāra) and then by observing or contemplating it’s not there anymore. Knowing the object of arising and observing the object can’t arise together, because two minds could not arise together or at the same moment. Every time seeing anicca is killing the wrong views.)

Vipassanā Sammādiṭṭhi means seeing rightly. Seeing rightly on what? It's seeing the beginning of the Dependent Arising (Paṭiccasamuppāda). If you can’t catch on the beginning must be in the middle. Do not contemplate the past ignorance (avijjā) and rebirth consciousness (paṭisandhi viññāṇa) but the present moment consciousness (pavutti viññāṇa). The beginning of the khandha is consciousness or the 6‐consciousness. In the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta mentioned separately. I am talking about their combination. When they are arising and passing away not in separately. As an example, when hearing consciousness arises, with hearing consciousness, feeling, perception, volitional formation; the four mind khandhas (nāmakkhandha) are arising together.

If you contemplate the most prominent one and all the other four are included. Why I ask you to contemplate consciousness? Because it’s clear and no need to search for. (In this talk Sayadaw was using feeling to explain the practice.) If you are contemplating the arising of feeling will see the disappearance of it. Insight knowledge (vipassanā ñāṇa) is seeing the impermanence of conditioned phenomena (saṅkhāra). By conditioning it is arising and disappearing. In conclusion when you see the arising and passing away, is it like the light going out and becoming darkness? If you see in this way, then it becomes 2-minds. You will see it as not there. It is in this way that using the words arising and passing away (udayabbaya). We are using it because it is arising and disappearing. In reality seeing the arising is not there. You meet the non‐existence. The past moment conditioned dhamma is not there anymore. If the yogi sees in this way, the identity view (sakkāya diṭṭhi) to painful rebirth is falling away. The Buddha asked to kill the seed of painful rebirths. Contemplate the conditioned dhamma of existence and non‐existence is the right view of vipassanā knowledge (vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi). Seeing it as exist and not exist is without the wrong view. Therefore, wrong view is falling away by practice. This is seeing the impermanence of phenomena (dhamma) without any person and being. What is the benefit of insight knowledge? Wrong view is falling away. It can dispel the three types of wrong view that insight knowledge is very important (i.e., identity view, permanent view and annihilation view).

T2

(在此次講座中,大師教授了受隨觀(Vedanānupassanā)的修習方法。根據大師的說法,在《念處經》(Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta)中,佛陀將五蘊分為四個範疇,以符合經教的方式進行修習。實際上,五蘊是同時生滅的,而修行者往往對此不甚清楚。我們應該隨念當下最明顯的蘊。大師指出:五蘊的生起總是以識(viññāṇa)為起點,並且容易辨別。初果的證悟(入流)是破除邪見與疑惑。大多數人(包括多數宗教)將心識視為永恆的靈魂,因此心隨觀(Cittānupassanā)尤為重要。大師教導了如何發展觀智:透過觀察當下生起的現象,可以覺察無常(anicca)。然而,這並不意味著我們能在同一瞬間看到現象的生起與滅去。隨念的過程中,我們觀察到現象的生起(行;saṅkhāra),然後通過持續觀察,看到它已不存在。因為兩個心識不能同時生起,所以認知生起的對象與觀察該對象的心識也不可能同時發生。每一次看到無常,便是在破除邪見。)

觀智正見(Vipassanā Sammādiṭṭhi)的意義是正確地看見。看見什麼?是看見緣起法(Paṭiccasamuppāda)的起點。如果無法捕捉到起點,那就從中間開始觀察。不要思惟過去的無明(avijjā)與結生識(paṭisandhi viññāṇa),而是專注於當下的心識(行識;pavutti viññāṇa)。五蘊的起點是心識,或者說六識。在《念處經》中雖分別提到,但實際上它們是聯合生起與滅去的。例如,當聽識生起時,與聽識一同生起的還包括受、想與行(四個心蘊;nāmakkhandha)。

如果你專注於觀察其中最明顯的一個,其餘四個也包含在內。為何要專注於觀察心識?因為它清楚明顯,無需刻意尋找。(在此次講座中,大師以「受」為例來解釋修行方法。)當你觀察受的生起時,也會看到它的滅去。觀智(vipassanā ñāṇa)即是看見行法(saṅkhāra)的無常:因緣生起,因緣滅去。總結來說,當你看見生起與滅去時,它是否如光熄滅後變為黑暗?如果你以這種方式看待,便是落入「二心」的錯誤觀念。正確的觀察應該是看到「它不存在了」。這就是我們所說的「生滅(udayabbaya)」。我們用這些詞語,是因為現象確實在生起與滅去,但實際上,當下的生起也已經不在了,你所遇見的是「不存在」。過去剎那的緣起法已不存在。

如果修行者以這種方式觀察,對痛苦輪迴的身見(sakkāya diṭṭhi)將會消失。佛陀教導我們要「殺死」導致痛苦輪迴的種子。觀察有為法的存在與不存在,便是觀智正見(vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi)。如此觀察即不含邪見,因此透過修行,邪見將被消除。這是看見現象(法;dhamma)的無常,超越任何關於個體與生命的錯誤觀念。

觀智的利益是什麼?邪見的消除。它能驅除三種主要邪見:身見、常見與斷滅見。由此可見,觀智是極為重要的修行。

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T2

(在此談話中,沙彌答教授了「受蘊觀」的指導。 根據沙彌答所言,在《念處經》中,佛陀將五蘊分為四組,以念處的方式進入經藏。 實際上,它們是共同生起與滅去。 瑜伽行者通常對此不清楚。 我們應當正念於任何對我們而言清晰的蘊。 沙彌答說:五蘊總是從意識 (viññāṇa) 開始,且易於辨別。 第一階段的證悟 (入流) 是破除邪見與疑慮。 大多數人將心視為永恆的靈魂 (大多數宗教亦然),因此「心觀」非常重要。 沙彌答教導如何發展洞見。 透過觀察和覺察任何生起之物,將會辨別無常。 但這並不意味著我們同時看到生起與滅去。 藉由正念,我們看到生起 (saṅkhāra),然後透過觀察或思惟,它不再存在。 知覺生起之對象與觀察該對象不能同時發生,因為兩個心念不能同時或在同一時刻生起。 每一次見到無常,即是殺死邪見。)

觀慧

觀慧意謂如實見。 如實見何者? 即如實見緣起 (Paṭiccasamuppāda) 之始。 若不能把握其始,則必處於其中。 不要思惟過去的無明 (avijjā) 與再生意識 (paṭisandhi viññāṇa),而要思惟當下的現行意識 (pavutti viññāṇa)。 蘊之始為意識或六識。 在《念處經》中單獨提及。 我所談論的是其組合。 當它們生起與滅去時,並非個別發生。 例如,當聽聞意識生起時,伴隨著聽聞意識,感受、知覺、思惟行;四種心蘊 (nāmakkhandha) 共同生起。

若思惟最顯著者,則包含其他所有四者。 何以請您思惟意識? 因為它清晰且無須搜尋。(在此談話中,沙彌答使用感受來解釋修行。) 若您思惟感受之生起,將會見到其消失。 洞見智 (vipassanā ñāṇa) 是見諸受緣法 (saṅkhāra) 之無常。 藉由受緣,其生起與消失。 總之,當您見到生起與滅去時,是否如燈光熄滅而成為黑暗? 若您如此見之,則成為二心。 您將見之如不存在。 便是以這種方式使用生起與滅去 (udayabbaya) 諸詞。 我們使用它,因為它生起與消失。 實際上,見到生起即不存在。 您遭遇不存在。 過去那一刻之受緣法不再存在。 若瑜伽行者如此見之,則身見 (sakkāya diṭṭhi) 至痛苦之再生即滅去。 佛陀教導殺死痛苦之再生種子。 思惟存在與不存在之受緣法,即是觀慧之正見 (vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi)。 見之如存在與不存在,即無邪見。 因此,邪見藉由修行而滅去。 此是見諸法之無常,無有任何人與我。 洞見智有何利益? 邪見滅去。 它能驅散三種邪見,故觀慧極其重要 (即:身見、常見與斷滅見)。

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T3

Let someone dies after seeing impermanence will not fall into painful rebirths (hell, animal, ghost—peta). Because of the falling away of wrong view and in the next life will realize the path of stream‐entry (sotāpatti magga). It was mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya. Analyzing the mind and body is dispelling wrong view by perception (saññā). By discerning of anicca is wisdom (paññā). If wrong view is not dispelled, and it’s like a stone has fallen into the water, never come up again. We missed many Buddhas as much as sand grains in the River Ganges were because of wrong view. This is the root of all unwholesome dhammas. In the Saṁyutta Nikāya the Buddha said that the Dhamma to Nibbāna was vipassanā. If you ask why it does so, then the answer is the falling away of sakkāya diṭṭhi. By seeing the arising and passing away and contemplating up to disenchantment of it. Then vipassanā will come to an end.

Now, I will talk about magga—sammādiṭṭhi. It means The Noble Eightfold Path. It’s the leader of right view. If you ask what is the difference between No. (3) and No. (4) (vipassanā right view and Path right view). No. (3) is ending up in impermanence (anicca). Its ability is seeing impermanence and the functioning of dispelling sakkāya diṭṭhi. The magga—sammādiṭṭhi is not seeing impermanence and has the function of seeing Nibbāna. To become No. (4) have to work with No. (3) for many times. Don’t think Nibbāna as like the circular sun and moon, it’s the cessation of impermanence, peaceful and cool nature. The knowing of it is the Path. It's quite a different view.

King Milinda asked Ven. Nāgasena: “Please explain to me the seeing of Nibbāna by practice.” “Nibbāna exists, but not in the three periods of time (past, present, future)” answered Nāgasena. The King responded, “If it’s free from the three periods of time, it can’t be existed.” I’ll give an example. Normally there is no fire in these two pieces of bamboo. But if you are rubbing them together for a longer period of time and fire will come out. In the same way, if you contemplate impermanence for many times, then Nibbāna appears. For the one who is practicing, it exists. You don’t need the pāramīs. You have the qualities which were mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya. First with vipassanā knowledge contemplating impermanence and then later it will mature. At last, ñāṇa (mind or knowledge) is turning towards the no arising and passing away. That’s Nibbāna.

T3

如果有人在見到無常之後往生,他將不會墮入痛苦的輪迴(地獄、畜生、鬼道)。因為邪見的消除,來生將證得入流道(sotāpatti magga)。在《增支部》(Aṅguttara Nikāya)中提到這一點。分析身心(名色)是通過想(saññā)來破除邪見,通達無常則是智慧(paññā)。如果邪見未被破除,就像石頭沉入水中,永遠無法浮上來。我們曾錯過與恆河沙數相等的佛陀,都是因為邪見。邪見是所有不善法的根源。在《相應部》(Saṁyutta Nikāya)中,佛陀說通往涅槃的法是內觀(vipassanā)。如果你問為什麼內觀能夠如此,答案是因為它能消除身見(sakkāya diṭṭhi)。透過見到生滅現象,並觀察至對其生厭,內觀的修行便會達到終點。

現在,我將講解道智正見(magga—sammādiṭṭhi)。它代表聖道八支(The Noble Eightfold Path),是正見的引領者。如果你問第(3)點與第(4)點(觀智正見與道智正見)的區別,第(3)點止於無常(anicca)。它的作用是見到無常並消除身見。道智正見(magga—sammādiṭṭhi)則不同,它並不見無常,而是見到涅槃。要達到第(4)點,需要多次實踐第(3)點。因此,不要將涅槃想像成如日月般的圓形,它是無常的止息,是寂靜且清涼的本性。對涅槃的了悟即是道智,這是完全不同的正見。

米蘭達王曾問尊者那伽犀那(Nāgasena):「請向我解釋如何通過修行見到涅槃。」那伽犀那回答:「涅槃確實存在,但不屬於過去、現在或未來三世。」國王反駁道:「如果它脫離三世,那它就不存在。」尊者舉了個例子:「通常情況下,這兩片竹子中沒有火。但如果你長時間地摩擦它們,火便會出現。同樣地,若多次觀察無常,涅槃便會顯現。對修行者而言,涅槃是存在的。」

修行涅槃並不需要具備波羅蜜(pāramī),因為《增支部》中已提到我們具備必要的條件。首先,以內觀智慧(vipassanā ñāṇa)觀察無常,隨著修行的成熟,最後智(ñāṇa)將轉向於無生與無滅之處,這就是涅槃。

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T3

若有人於見得無常之後而死,則不墮入苦趣 (地獄、畜生、餓鬼)。 因此邪見滅去,而在下一生中將證得入流道 (sotāpatti magga)。 此在《增支部》中提及。 分析身心是藉由覺受 (saññā) 而驅散邪見。 藉由辨別無常,即是智慧 (paññā)。 若邪見不滅去,則如石頭墜入水中,永不復出。 我們錯過了如恆河沙數般的諸佛,皆因邪見之故。 此為一切不善法之根源。 在《雜阿含經》中,佛陀說通往涅槃之法即是觀慧。 若您問為何如此,則答案是身見之滅去。 透過見得生起與滅去,並思惟至厭離之境。 然後,觀慧將終結。

現在,我將談論道 – 正見。 意謂聖道八支。 此為正見之領導者。 若您問(3)與(4)有何不同 (觀慧與道之正見)。 (3) 是終結於無常 (anicca)。 其能力是見得無常與驅散身見之作用。 道 – 正見並非見得無常,而是具有見得涅槃之作用。 要成為(4),必須多次運用(3)。 不要將涅槃視如圓形的日月,它是無常之止息,寂靜涼爽之性。 知覺此者,即是道。 此乃截然不同的見解。

彌蘭王問那先尊者:「請向我解釋藉由修行而見得涅槃。」 那先尊者回答:「涅槃存在,但不處於三世 (過去、現在、未來) 之中。」 國王回應道:「若其脫離三世,則不能存在。」 我將舉例。 通常,此二根竹中無火。 但若您將其磨擦較長時間,則火將出現。 同理,若您多次思惟無常,則涅槃出現。 對修行者而言,其存在。 您無須波羅蜜。 您具有《增支部》中提及之諸德性。 首先以觀慧智思惟無常,然後將逐漸成熟。 最後, ñāṇa (心或知見) 轉向無生無滅。 此即涅槃。

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T4

Five kinds of right view came from Aṅguttara Nikāya. Without the No. (3) you can’t get the No. (4). The meaning here is without falling away of wrong view, you can’t get the Path. Give an example; when you do the farming, first you have to clear up grasses and weeds, and then collecting them together for burning. Clearing the grasses and weeds and collecting them are like insight knowledge, and burning them is like the Path (magga). Insight knowledge kill the coarse defilements. The Path kills the latent disposition (anusaya). The insight right view is more important than the Path right view. Today I’ll explain it from the Majjhima Nikāya. Don’t take it that without the dawn period the sun will come out. It’s impossible. Insight right view comes before Path right view and it will follow later (after). Vipassanā right view is preceding right view (purecārika ñāṇa), the first knowledge has to develop. Have to contemplate the impermanence of the conditioned phenomena of the mind‐body process. Wrong view has three stages; the coarse, the mild and the refined stage (active, stimulated, latent). Impermanence can stop only the coarse and the mild ones, can’t deal with the refined one. This is leaving for the Path to do the job. (Sayadaw explained the three stages of wrong view with examples.) You want me to knock your head! The angry mother scolds her naughty boy. This comes out from the stimulated one. In the real knocking of the head becomes the coarse one. The one practices vipassanā, the coarse and the mild ones not arise. But the latent wrong view of thinking such as "this is my son" is existing. Only the Path can uproot this one. It’s difficult to shave the hairs on the baby head. The hairs on the man are easier to shave. Path Knowledge is like shaving the hairs of a baby. It’s like also after clearing up the forest and uprooting the trees. I’ll tell you what happen in the body during the arising of the Path Knowledge. Not seeing the arising and passing away of the khandhas. Dukkha nirodho—Dukkha is ceased. It’s like using 1,000 pots of water pouring on the body and the heat element is cooling down, experiencing as all the coolness pile—up and a peaceful nature. It seems in this way. You don’t know the khandhas exist but happiness only. If, it is appearing in this way, the real Path Knowledge, nothing exists but the existence of peaceful nature, without any kind of burden but lightness only. Seeing dukkha ceases and not knowing the khandhas exist. The reason for the peacefulness is the heat element of diṭṭhi kilesa (defilement of wrong view) has been extinguished. The view is peaceful and the knowing is cool. Nibbāna is near. It’s far because you don’t go straightly. If defilements come in and deceive you, then it's not straight anymore. Kilesas are burdened living beings by disturbing them on the straight way to Nibbāna. Whatever suffering is the working of defilements. There are 16 kilesas. If you do sitting meditation increase the time span and sit with determination (adhiṭṭhāna). The Buddha mentioned that by contemplating impermanence was the straight way to Nibbāna.

T4

五種正見源自《增支部》(Aṅguttara Nikāya)。若無第(3)種正見,便無法達到第(4)種正見。其意是,若未破除邪見,就無法證得聖道(Path)。舉例來說,從事農作時,首先需清除雜草,將其聚集後燒毀。清理雜草與收集雜草,就如同內觀智慧(Insight Knowledge);而焚燒雜草則如同聖道(magga)。內觀智慧消除粗顯的煩惱,聖道則滅除潛在的隨眠(anusaya)。因此,內觀正見的重要性超過聖道正見。 今天,我將引用《中部》(Majjhima Nikāya)進一步解釋。如果沒有黎明,太陽是不可能升起的。同樣,內觀正見必須在聖道正見之前生起,並引導後者出現。內觀正見被稱為前行智(purecārika ñāṇa),是首先需要發展的智慧。我們必須觀察名色過程中有為法的無常。 邪見分為三個層次:粗顯、中度、潛伏(即:活躍、激發與隱藏的階段)。觀察無常只能停止粗顯與中度的邪見,卻無法對付潛伏的邪見,這需要由聖道來完成。(大師以例子解釋了這三個階段的邪見。) 例如,一位生氣的母親責罵調皮的兒子說:「你想要我敲你的頭嗎!」這是激發的邪見;如果真的敲了孩子的頭,這便是粗顯的邪見。而修習內觀的行者,不會再生起粗顯與中度的邪見,但潛伏的邪見仍可能存在,例如「這是我的兒子」這樣的認知。唯有聖道能徹底拔除這類潛伏的邪見。 大師以剃髮為喻:剃嬰兒頭髮非常困難,而剃成年男子的頭髮則相對容易。聖道智就像剃掉嬰兒頭髮;它也像清理森林後連根拔起樹木。 當聖道智生起時,身體內部會發生什麼?不再見到五蘊的生起與滅去,而是經歷苦滅(Dukkha nirodho)——苦已滅。如同用一千桶水澆灌全身,熱元素冷卻下來,感受到極大的清涼與安詳。當下僅存的是平靜的本然,不再感知五蘊的存在,只感受到輕鬆無負擔。 看到苦滅的當下,五蘊的存在感消失,因為邪見煩惱(diṭṭhi kilesa)的熱元素已被熄滅。這種平靜是由於邪見的火被熄滅,知覺清涼,涅槃已近。然而,涅槃之所以顯得遙遠,是因為你未直行於道上。若煩惱(kilesa)干擾並迷惑行者,道路便不再直達涅槃。煩惱是眾生的重擔,令他們受苦,使其偏離通往涅槃的正道。 所有的苦,皆是煩惱的作為。煩惱共有16種。若進行靜坐禪修,應逐漸延長坐禪時間,並以堅定的決心(adhiṭṭhāna)持續修行。佛陀曾提到,觀察無常便是直通涅槃的正道。

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T4

五種正見出自《增支部》。 無(3),則不能得(4)。 此處之意謂,無邪見之滅去,則不能得道。 舉例而言,當您耕種時,首先必須清除雜草,然後將其收集起來焚燒。 清除雜草與收集雜草如觀慧,焚燒之如道 (magga)。 觀慧殺死粗重之煩惱。 道殺死潛伏之習氣 (anusaya)。 觀慧之正見較道之正見更為重要。 今日我將從《中阿含經》中解釋之。 不要認為無黎明,則太陽將升起。 此不可能。 觀慧之正見先於道之正見,而後隨之而來。 觀慧之正見為先行智 (purecārika ñāṇa), 必須先發展第一個知見。 必須思惟身心過程之受緣法之無常。 邪見有三階段:粗重、輕微與細微階段 (活躍、刺激、潛伏)。 無常只能止息粗重與輕微者,不能對治細微者。 此留待道來作此工作。(沙彌答以舉例說明邪見之三階段。) 您要我敲您的頭! 憤怒之母親責罵其調皮之子。 此出自刺激者。 真正之敲頭成為粗重者。 修行觀慧者,粗重與輕微者不生起。 但如「此乃我子」之潛伏邪見尚存。 唯有道能根除此者。 剃除嬰兒頭上之髮髮困難。 剃除男人之髮較易。 道之知見如剃除嬰兒之髮。 此亦如清除森林並根除樹木之後。 我將告訴您道之知見生起時,於身中發生何事。 不見得蘊之生起與滅去。 諦之滅 (Dukkha nirodho) – 諦已滅。 此如使用一千個水罐澆灌於身,而熱元素冷卻,體驗如所有清涼堆積,而有寂靜之性。 似此而見。 您不知蘊之存在,而僅有快樂。 若以這種方式顯現,則為真實之道之知見,無物存在,而僅有寂靜之性之存在,無任何負擔,而僅有輕安。 見得諦之滅去,而不知蘊之存在。 寂靜之原因是見惑之熱元素已熄滅。 見解寂靜,而知見清涼。 涅槃臨近。 此遠,因您不直行。 若煩惱入侵而欺騙您,則不再直行。 煩惱藉由擾亂其通往涅槃之直路,而負擔眾生。 任何苦皆為煩惱之作用。 有十六煩惱。 若您坐禪,則增加時間範圍並以決定 (adhiṭṭhāna) 而坐。 佛陀提及,藉由思惟無常,是通往涅槃之直路。

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T5

Knowing that the khandhas not exist is vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi. The practice of knowing the khandhas not exist is the function of insight. We had the desire, so we got it. Nibbāna is without the khandhas. If this knowledge becomes longer, Nibbāna is closer. (Insight knowledge seeing the khandhas not exist for momentarily and in the Path Knowledge the khandha is ceased. If khandhas exist in Nibbāna, it will become the Noble Truth of Dukkha (This point is very important for every Buddhist whatever his/her believed system and not to be confused.) Therefore, it was true in the commentary of Saṁyutta Nikāya that insight knowledge was the nearest to the knowledge of Nibbāna. Therefore, vipassanā ñāṇa is seeing Nibbāna partially. Nibbāna and insight knowledge, both of them see the non‐existing of khandhas. Their differences are: Nibbāna always do not see the khandhas, and insight knowledge is not seeing momentarily. If you have developed insight knowledge, you can die happily. Continued to practice diligently will realize Nibbāna. Do you need pāramīs? You need only practice diligently with the 4‐supreme efforts. (Sammappadhāna—see in the factors of enlightenment—Bodhi‐pakkhiya dhamma) It’s now clear on the ways of seeing. Therefore, insight knowledge disbanding the khandhas is true. In the Saṁyutta Nikāya commentary, it was mentioned more than that. During the seeing of anicca, craving and clinging have no chance to come in. Therefore, insight knowledge is disbanding the khandhas and also craving. It’s similar to carry two baskets with a pole. Disbanding the khandhas is seeing Nibbāna temporarily. Disbanding craving is cutting off the round of rebirth (saṁsāra). So the Buddha said, insight knowledge was many times excellent than ordinary wholesome dhamma. Path Knowledge is abandoning the khandhas and also defilements, and seeing Nibbāna which is without khandhas (3-functions). When the Path Knowledge appears, no need to ask others, you will see no khandhas. Seeing Nibbāna and no kilesa comes. Vipassanā Knowledge cannot see Nibbāna. The differences are 3-functions and 2-functions.

The khandhas disappear when the Path Knowledge appears. It's NOT "there is nothing". Knowing that dukkha is ceased and seeing Nibbāna. Vipassanā knowledge and supramundane knowledge (lokuttara ñāṇa) are quite different. Don’t go and asking for someone. The Buddha taught exactly. In the working process of vipassanā practice only two of the vipassanā knowledge and Path Knowledge exist. The other knowledge between them are the records of appearances and views. In reality all of them are vipassanā knowledge. (In one of the Sayadaw’s talks he gave a simile of sharpening a knife. Beginning to the end is the same knife but it becomes sharper and sharper.)

Now talk about the right view of Fruition Knowledge. There are two kinds of fruition. Fruition follows behind the Path Knowledge, and the other behind the insight knowledge. Fruition follows behind the Path Knowledge is automatic, therefore akāliko—giving the result without delay. It comes by itself—Dhammaniyāma—Dhamma procedure, similar to the kamma and the result. The Path is volitional kamma and Fruition is result. Nibbāna always exists. You will ask, “Does everyone can see it?” It exists for someone with the practice, without the practice not exists. Factors of enlightenment can happen only by practicing with the 4‐supreme efforts. After the Path ceases the Fruition appears. What is the benefit for its appearance? What is it disbanding? You can ask these questions, no khandhas anymore so what it is to be disbanded for? The Path kills the coarse defilements and Fruition the refined one. To show an example, you pour a cup of water on a red burning charcoal and it becomes black. Don’t go and touch it. It’s still possessing with the heat power.

Fruition appears for cooling the heat power. All your defilements are very coarse. It kills the leftover refined kilesa vapour. So Fruition is more powerful than the Path. Seeing Nibbāna and killing the refined kilesa vapour (2-functions). Between the two; fighting at war and making peace, making peace is more difficult. I will tell the Fruition follows behind the Path. Yogi with the weak knowledge (ñāṇa) follows by 3-fruition mind moments. For the sharp one is 2-mind moments. And then followed by bhavaṅga cittas and reviewing knowledge (paccavekkhana ñāṇa). This is the Fruition follows behind the Path.

T5

知五蘊不存在即是內觀正見(vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi)。此種對五蘊不存在的認知是內觀的功能。我們因為有欲求而獲得它,然而,涅槃是無五蘊之處。如果這種智慧持續增長,涅槃便更加接近。(內觀智慧暫時地見到五蘊不存在,而在聖道智中五蘊完全滅盡。如果五蘊仍存在於涅槃,那麼涅槃將成為苦聖諦的一部分——這一點對所有佛教徒而言極其重要,無論其信仰系統如何,都不應混淆。)因此,《相應部》(Saṁyutta Nikāya)的註釋中提到,內觀智慧最接近涅槃的智慧。

因此,內觀智慧(vipassanā ñāṇa)是部分地見到涅槃。 涅槃與內觀智慧的共同點是兩者皆見到五蘊不存在,但它們的區別在於:涅槃是永遠不見五蘊,而內觀智慧是暫時地不見五蘊。

持續修習內觀智慧,可以安心而終,並在精進修行中證得涅槃。是否需要波羅蜜?只需精勤修行,依四正勤(sammappadhāna,見於菩提分法——Bodhi‐pakkhiya dhamma)。這樣,內觀智慧解構五蘊的觀點便清晰了。《相應部》的註釋進一步提到,在觀無常時,貪愛與執著沒有機會進入。因此,內觀智慧既解構五蘊,也消除貪愛。

大師用挑著兩籃子的扁擔比喻此情景:解構五蘊即暫時見到涅槃;解構貪愛則是斷除輪迴(saṁsāra)。因此,佛陀說,內觀智慧比普通的善法卓越許多倍。

聖道智(Path Knowledge)的功能是同時滅除五蘊與煩惱,並見到無五蘊的涅槃(具有三個功能)。當聖道智出現時,不需要向他人求證,你會自然見到五蘊不再存在,並體驗到涅槃以及煩惱的終止。內觀智慧無法見到涅槃,其與聖道智的區別在於:內觀智慧具兩個功能,而聖道智具三個功能。

五蘊在聖道智出現時消失,但並非「什麼都不存在」。 此時的知覺是苦滅與涅槃的顯現。內觀智慧與超世智慧(lokuttara ñāṇa)完全不同,不必向他人詢問,佛陀的教導已經十分明確。在內觀修行的過程中,只有內觀智慧與聖道智存在,兩者之間的其他智慧僅是現象與觀點的記錄。本質上,這些記錄也是內觀智慧的一部分。(大師以磨刀為喻,從開始到結束,刀仍是同一把刀,但變得越來越鋒利。)

現在談談果智(Fruition Knowledge)的正見。果智分為兩種:一種緊隨聖道智之後;另一種則緊隨內觀智慧之後。緊隨聖道智的果智是自動的,因此稱為「現法」(akāliko),即立即給予結果。這種果智自然顯現,遵循法的程序(Dhammaniyāma),如同業與業果的關係。聖道是意業,果智是業的結果。

涅槃始終存在,但僅對修行者顯現,對未修行者則不顯現。菩提分法僅通過四正勤的修行才能實現。當聖道滅時,果智出現。果智的功能是什麼?它解構了什麼?有人可能會問:「若五蘊已不存在,那麼還能解構什麼?」答案是,聖道消滅粗顯的煩惱,果智則消滅潛伏的煩惱。

大師以澆水的比喻解釋:當你將一杯水倒在紅熱的炭火上,炭火會變黑,但仍然有殘餘的熱力,此時不要觸碰它。果智的作用是冷卻這殘存的熱力。所有煩惱起初是粗顯的,但果智消滅了餘留的潛伏煩惱。因此,果智比聖道智更有力。

果智的功能是見到涅槃並滅除潛伏的煩惱(兩個功能)。大師進一步比較了戰爭與和平:戰鬥較為容易,而締造和平更為困難。果智隨聖道智而來,弱智行者體驗三個果智心剎那(fruition mind moments);銳智行者則體驗兩個果智心剎那,隨後是有分心(bhavaṅga citta)與覆審智(paccavekkhana ñāṇa)。這就是隨聖道智而來的果智。

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T5

知蘊之不存在,即是觀慧正見。 知蘊不存在之修行,是洞見之作用。 我們有欲求,故而得之。 涅槃無蘊。 若此知見延長,則涅槃更近。(洞見智見得蘊之不存在為剎那,而道之知見中蘊已滅。 若蘊存在於涅槃,則將成為苦諦 (此點對任何佛教徒而言極為重要,不論其信仰體系,不可混淆)。 因此,《雜阿含經》之註解中真實地說,洞見智最接近涅槃之知見。 因此,觀慧 ñāṇa 部分地見得涅槃。 涅槃與洞見智,兩者皆見得蘊之不存在。 其差異為:涅槃恆常不見蘊,而洞見智剎那不見。 若您已發展洞見智,則可安詳地死去。 繼續精進修行,將證得涅槃。 您需要波羅蜜嗎? 您僅需以四念處 (Sammappadhāna—見於菩提覺支—Bodhi‐pakkhiya dhamma) 精進修行。 現在,關於見之方式已明瞭。 因此,洞見智解散蘊是真實的。 在《雜阿含經》之註解中,提及更多。 在見得無常之際,貪愛與執著無機可入。 因此,洞見智解散蘊亦解散貪愛。 此似以竿挑二籃。 解散蘊是暫時見得涅槃。 解散貪愛是斷除輪迴 (saṁsāra)。 故佛陀說,洞見智勝過平凡之善法多次。 道之知見是捨離蘊與煩惱,並見得無蘊之涅槃 (三種作用)。 當道之知見出現時,無須詢問他人,您將不見蘊。 見得涅槃與無有煩惱而來。 觀慧智不能見得涅槃。 其差異為三種作用與兩種作用。

蘊於道之知見出現時消失。 此非「無物」。 知覺諦已滅,並見得涅槃。 觀慧智與勝世間智 (lokuttara ñāṇa) 截然不同。 不要去詢問他人。 佛陀教導極為準確。 在觀慧修行之作用過程中,僅有兩種觀慧智與道之知見存在。 其間之其他知見是顯現與見解之紀錄。 實際上,所有皆為觀慧智。(在沙彌答之一談話中,他舉例磨刀。 從開始至終,皆為同一把刀,但其愈磨愈利。)

現在談論果之正見。 有兩種果。 果隨道之知見而來,另一隨洞見智而來。 果隨道之知見而來是自動的,故而無時 – akāliko – 不待時而給予結果。 其自行而來 – 法自然 – Dhammaniyāma – 法之程序,似業與果。 道為有作之業,而果為結果。 涅槃恆常存在。 您將問:「每個人都能見得嗎?」 對修行者而言,其存在,對不修行者而言,不存在。 菩提覺支僅能藉由以四念處精進修行而發生。 道滅去之後,果出現。 其出現之利益為何? 其解散何者? 您可問此等問題,不再有蘊,故何者將被解散? 道殺死粗重之煩惱,而果殺死細微者。 舉例而言,您將一杯水澆灌於紅熾之炭上,則其變黑。 不要去觸摸它。 其仍蘊藏熱力。

果出現以冷卻熱力。 您之所有煩惱極為粗重。 其殺死殘餘之細微煩惱之氣。 故果較道更為有力。 見得涅槃並殺死細微煩惱之氣 (二種作用)。 兩者之間:戰爭與和平,締造和平較為困難。 我將告知果隨道而來。 具有微弱知見 (ñāṇa) 之瑜伽行者隨三果心念而來。 對銳利者而言,為二心念。 然後隨行 bhavaṅga cittas 與審查知見 (paccavekkhana ñāṇa)。 此為果隨道而來。

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T6

If you develop to the level of vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi and become a small stream‐enterer. And then develop up—to magga sammādiṭṭhi become a sotāpanna (The commentary used the term cūḷa‐sotāpanna because both share the same view, but he/she is still unstable.) For the yogis to know what level in their practice, I will tell the mind of a sotāpanna beforehand, so that one can check for oneself. And then I will tell you about entering into the Fruition state. I will use the Saccaka Sutta from the Majjhima Nikāya (MN. 35 Cūḷasaccaka Sutta). “Ordinary people’s views are unstable. So they are changing religions. But the disciples of yours are not in this way. What is the reason of it?” Saccaka asked the Buddha. “My disciples do not hear from what others said but by seeing themselves directly. Therefore, their views are not changing and never convert into other religions.” answered the Buddha. I will tell the right view of a sotāpanna. (Sayadaw recited the Pali verses.) The Buddha taught them that mind/body phenomena were impermanent. They practiced accordingly what had been taught and realized it directly. Looking at one’s own khandhas or others’ khandhas and seeing that there was no person or being. And then they had the clear view and free from doubt—(1) Tiṇṇa—vicikiccho. At first, begin to have this right view. That is during the practice. In everyday activities the usages such as my children, my properties are not matter. People can’t dispel doubt that changing religion. There is no thinking with doubt—(2) Vigata kathaṃkatho. There is no such thinking as a person or a being exists. He can make a desision that it's only dhamma which is arising and passing away. It becomes fixed in destiny (niyata) to Nibbāna only and not anywhere. He becomes brave and has confidence—(3) Vesārajjappatto—making the brave or confident decision that there is no person or being. To get this knowledge is not difficult. You have the good teacher. I always teach you to this point. Every time mind is arising and feeling arising, it’s only mind and feeling. Is there any person or being with them? Only hearing consciousness is arising and disappearing. Is there anything with them? Every day I am teaching for entering the stream. Even in worldly matters we have to prepare for safety in livelihood. In the same way we should prepare for the supramundane (lokuttara). Even should be more care about it. I am teaching to you that there are only impermanence of mind‐body process and the process of cause and effect. Now, you know these by indirectly. Not ending up at other people mouth. (4) Aparappaccayo—means directly experience and not from others. True dhamma is right which had been taught by the Buddha or by me. But it should be right from the personal knowing. One’s own decision is more important. With other saying is ending up at perception (saññā) and not wisdom (paññā). If a person equal to these 4-points, he is stable in the Buddha’s Teaching.

It's impossible to reverse him whatever religion come and whatever ways be used. He just fixes in Nibbāna without any changing. However rich with full of wealth and gems are not the real happiness. Even with these things can be in trouble and suffering. Only enter the stream is completed with the real happiness and gems of faith (saddhā), virtue (sīla), learning (suta), generosity (cāga), shame and fear of wrong doing (hiri and ottappa), wisdom (paññā) (the seven jewels of a noble person).

These 4-points of view are always there whenerver someone becomes a stream enterer. This Dhamma is not difficult. The whole Kuru Country (during the Buddha’s time, and now is the New Deli area) practiced the Satipaṭṭhāna and had the good results. With right attention (yonisomanasikāra) will fulfill it. Every time when feeling is arising and knowing it as just feeling is right attention. If mind arising as mind and then with this right attention, it’s easy to contemplate impermanence from behind. It’s important to have right attention whatever is arising. The Buddha mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya was by right attention whatever not increasing dhamma (phenomena) increase and whatever increasing dhamma develop. Even if you can’t give a label to the arising phenomenon and knowing that dhamma arising is good enough. By learning (pariyatti) can give the labels. How can you do it without learning? By knowing that dhamma arising is right attention. In the Buddha’s time Suppabuddha (Suppabuddhakuṭṭhisuttaṃ of Udāna, Khuddakanikāya) the leper and drunkard were no learning, but they had right attention. Knowing as dhamma arising is right attention. It’s not a person/ not a being and passing away. By following behind with this knowing is vipassanā. Follow behind the Path are two or three fruitions (phalas). Follow behind vipassanā knowledge are many fruitions. I will explain a little about in fruition state. At the beginning seeing dhamma arising and passing away but without analyzing the Noble Truths such as—this is the Truth of Dukkha (Dukkha Sacca) etc. And then all the impermanence suddenly ceases and changes into Nirodha Sacca. There is no Path Knowledge anymore. Instead the fruition mind stays with Nibbāna. Fruition minds are arising continuously but they are also changing, and seeing Nibbāna unaccountably. This is in fruition state. Yogi is staying with the fruition mind.

T6

若你修行至內觀正見(vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi)的層次,便成為小預流者(cūḷa‐sotāpanna)。進一步修行至道正見(magga sammādiṭṭhi)的層次,便成為真正的預流者(sotāpanna)。(註釋中使用「小預流者」一詞,因為兩者具相同的正見,但小預流者尚未穩定。)為幫助修行者了解自己的修行階段,我將解釋預流者的心態,讓你們可以自我檢視;接著,會談及進入果定的狀態。

我將以《中部經典》中的《小薩遮迦經》(MN 35 Cūḷasaccaka Sutta)為基礎。經中薩遮迦(Saccaka)問佛陀:「凡夫的見解不穩固,因此會改變宗教。但您的弟子們並非如此。其原因是什麼?」佛陀回答道:「我的弟子並非因聽聞他人之言,而是通過親自見證,因此,他們的見解不會改變,也不會皈依其他宗教。」

預流者的正見

佛陀教導弟子,身心現象(五蘊)是無常的。弟子們依教奉行並親證此理。他們觀察自身或他人的五蘊,見到並無實體的「人」或「眾生」。因而,他們獲得了清明的見解並擺脫疑惑:

  1. 已斷疑(tiṇṇa-vicikiccho):

初始階段便開始生起此正見,這是在修行中體現的。即使在日常生活中,使用如「我的孩子」「我的財產」這些語言也無妨,但心中對宗教的改變不再存有疑惑。

  1. 離疑惑(vigata-kathaṃkatho):

心中不再有「人」或「眾生」的概念,能夠確認一切僅是生滅的法而已。

  1. 達無畏境(vesārajjappatto):

勇敢地確信「無人、無眾生」,並做出堅定的抉擇,只有涅槃是終極歸宿,不會偏離。

  1. 不依賴他人(aparappaccayo):

親自體驗真理,而非依賴他人的言說。真正的法是佛陀或善知識所教,但必須通過自身的經驗去證實,因為個人的認知比他人的說法更重要。他人的言語僅止於概念(saññā),而非智慧(paññā)。

若一人具足這四點,他便穩固於佛法中。無論任何宗教或方式都無法動搖他。他的心已專注於涅槃,不再改變。

預流者的快樂與寶藏

世間的財富與寶石並非真正的幸福,因為即使擁有這些,也可能伴隨煩惱與痛苦。唯有證得預流果,才是真正圓滿的快樂,並擁有七種聖者寶藏:信(saddhā)、戒(sīla)、聞(suta)、施(cāga)、慚(hiri)、愧(ottappa)、慧(paññā)。

實現預流果的修行要點

這四種正見必然伴隨於每一位預流者。此法並不困難。佛陀時代的俱盧國(Kuru Country,即現今的新德里一帶)的人們修行《念處經》(Satipaṭṭhāna)並取得良好結果。通過正念(yonisomanasikāra),即可實現。

正念的應用:每當感覺生起,觀其為「僅是感覺」,這便是正念。當心識生起,觀其為「僅是心」,透過這種正念,便容易從現象背後觀察無常。佛陀在《增支部》中提到,通過正念,未生的法得以生起,已生的法得以增長。

即便無法命名所生起的現象,僅能觀察其生滅已足夠。學習(pariyatti)有助於為現象賦予名稱,但即便未學習,知曉現象的生起本身就是正念。

果定的狀態

果定開始於觀察法的生滅,然而尚未深入分析四聖諦(如「此是苦聖諦」等)。隨後,所有的無常現象突然止息,轉為滅聖諦(Nirodha Sacca)。此時已不再有道智,取而代之的是果心與涅槃相應。

果心的特徵:

果心連續生起,同時不斷改變,體驗涅槃的不可思議。修行者此時安住於果心,直面涅槃的實相。

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T6

若您發展至觀慧正見之層次,而成為初果阿羅漢。 然後發展至道之正見,而成為須陀洹 (註解使用「初果須陀洹」一詞,因兩者共享相同之見解,但其仍不穩定)。 對於欲知其修行層次之瑜伽行者,我將先告知須陀洹之心,以便其自行檢驗。 然後我將告訴您入果之狀態。 我將使用《中阿含經》之《沙迦迦經》 (MN. 35 Cūḷasaccaka Sutta)。 「凡夫之見解不穩定。 故而其改變宗教。 但您之弟子並非如此。 其原因為何?」 沙迦迦問佛陀。「我之弟子不聽聞他人之言,而是藉由自身直接見得。 因此,其見解不變,且永不皈依其他宗教。」 佛陀回答。 我將告知須陀洹之正見。(沙彌答誦念巴利文偈頌。) 佛陀教導他們,身心現象是無常。 他們依教修行,而直接證得之。 觀看自身之蘊或他人之蘊,而見得無有任何人或我。 然後,他們具有清淨之見解,且無有疑慮 – (1) 盡除疑 – Tiṇṇa—vicikiccho。 首先,開始具有此正見。 此為修行之際。 在日常活動中,如我之子女、我之財產等之用法並不重要。 人們不能驅散改變宗教之疑慮。 無有如是之思惟 – (2) 盡除思量 – Vigata kathaṃkatho。 無有如是之思惟,如有人或我存在。 其能做出決定,僅是法之生起與滅去。 其成為定於涅槃 (niyata),而不在他處。 其成為勇敢且具有信心 – (3) 安穩 – Vesārajjappatto – 作出勇敢或自信之決定,無有任何人或我。 得此知見並不困難。 您有善知識。 我總是教導您至此點。 每一次心生起,感受生起,僅是心與感受。 有任何人或我與之同在嗎? 僅是聽聞意識生起與滅去。 有任何物與之同在嗎? 每天我都在教導入流。 即使在世間事中,我們亦必須為安全之生計而準備。 同理,我們應當更為關心勝世間 (lokuttara)。 即使應當更為關心之。 我教導您,僅有身心過程之無常與因果之過程。 現在,您間接地知曉這些。 不終結於他人之口。 (4) 不依他證 – Aparappaccayo – 意謂直接體驗,而非來自他人。 真實之法是佛陀或我所教導之正確者。 但其應當來自於個人之知見。 自身之決定更為重要。 以他人之言,則終結於覺受 (saññā),而非智慧 (paññā)。 若一人等於此四點,則其於佛陀之教法中穩定。

無論何種宗教而來,無論使用何種方式,皆不可能逆轉之。 其僅定於涅槃,無有改變。 不論富有財寶與珠寶,皆非真實之快樂。 即使具有此等事物,亦能處於煩惱與苦中。 僅入流方以真實之快樂與信心 (saddhā)、戒 (sīla)、聞思 (suta)、布施 (cāga)、慚愧與不放逸 (hiri and ottappa)、智慧 (paññā) (聖人之七寶) 而圓滿。

此四種見解於任何人成為須陀洹時,恆常存在。 此法並不困難。 整個俱盧國 (於佛陀時代,今為新德里地區) 修行念處,而有善果。 以正念 (yonisomanasikāra) 將圓滿之。 每一次感受生起,而知覺之僅是感受,即是正念。 若心生起如心,然後以此正念,則易於從後思惟無常。 不論何物生起,具有正念極為重要。 佛陀在《增支部》中提及,藉由正念,不增長法 (現象) 不增長,而增長法則發展。 即使您不能為生起之現象貼上標籤,而知覺法之生起,即足夠。 藉由學習 (pariyatti) 能給予標籤。 焉能無學習而為之? 知覺法之生起即是正念。 此非人/非我,而滅去。 隨此知見而來,即是觀慧。 隨道而來,為二或三果 (phalas)。 隨觀慧智而來,為多果。 我將略述果之狀態。 於開始時,見得法之生起與滅去,但無分析聖諦,如 – 此是苦諦 (Dukkha Sacca) 等。 然後,所有無常突然滅去,而轉變為滅諦。 無有道之知見。 而代之以果之心住於涅槃。 果之心念持續生起,但亦在改變,而無數地見得涅槃。 此為果之狀態。 瑜伽行者住於果之心念。


更新:西元 2025-01-17


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