尊者 阿締佳嵐溪長老開示錄

-- 18天禪修營

Eighteen Days in Solitude

Instructional Dhamma Talks in Retreat

By Venerable U Ādiccaramsī


尊者  鄔達摩長老Bhikkhu Uttamo  

自緬甸語錄音帶譯為 英文


6 (參考用譯文)


特別聲明:本參考用譯文疏漏、錯繆難免,讀者應慎思明辨。僅供法友參考;並祈藉此拋磚引玉,眾法友能共襄盛舉,共同圓滿此譯事。 Nanda 謹識。



目次

Day 6: 22nd October, 2002 1

第六天:20021022 7

第六天:20021022 15


Day 6: 22nd October, 2002

We’re arriving at another part of the process for change. It needs to clearly understand the way of practice and the nature of the practice. From samatha practice we’ll develop vipassanā. There exists the process of insight knowledge.

There are two basic knowledges of insight. These are:

  1. Understanding the characteristics of mental and material phenomena (nāma-rūpa pariccheda ñāṇa).

  2. Discernment of conditions for mental and material phenomena (paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa).

These are still not arriving to the insight knowledge yet. This is the part for preparation to change there. For the sixth and seventh days we’ll develop these two knowledges. Why we’re establishing these knowledges. According to Mogok Sayadaw’s instruction we must dispel wrong views. Many meditation systems arose in Burma and no centres based on this point. Only Mogok Sayadaw took it as very important. He said many times in some of his talks that without dispelling wrong views and practiced not attained Nibbāna.

(There were some monks having wrong views as mentioned in some of the suttas. So, the Buddha and Ven. Sāriputta helped them to dispel wrong views.)

Practicing vipassanā is not for the happiness of human and heavenly beings but for killing the craving for becoming (bhava taṇhā), so that not to get another mind and body (khandha). We came here for practice to free ourselves from dukkha. Mogok Sayadaw was helping yogis to dispel diṭṭhi with Dhamma talks. I give vipassanā lectures and help yogis to dispel diṭṭhi. By listening Mogok Sayadaw’s talks also possible. It’s still not a contemplative stage yet. (It’s intellectual knowledge.) Now, we arrive to the stage of how to dispel diṭṭhi with the contemplation. Sayadawgyi said, “If you want to dispel diṭṭhi, there is one thing you had to do.”

That is to understand Dependent Arising (paṭiccasamuppāda) teaching. Not from the book (i.e., in letters), but to understand with practice on the Dependent Arising of the mind and body (i.e. khandha) process. Vipassanā contemplation is on the Dependent Arising process of the khandha; and not the past and future khandhas, but the present arising khandha. And you also have to know what the khandha is. As for the khandha most people take it and mixing up with the self imposed body. What you’re seeing in the mirror is the self imposed body and not the real khandha. Khandha is an intrinsic nature. There are five khandhas. If you carefully observe, the nature of matter are hardness/softness, heat/cold, distention/pressure, cohesion/trickling (these are the four great elements of earth, heat, air and water). These are its intrinsic nature and material elements. These exist in nature as qualities. Talking about the form and the shape of the physical body is by ordinary people. Intelligent people – vipassanā yogis and scientists are talking about the intrinsic nature as matter.

The intrinsic nature of change or impermanence is matter. If we’re talking about matter (rūpa) and you must understand or see it as change or impermanence. These are the interpretations of matter. Consciousness (viññāṇa) is the impermanent of the intrinsic knowing nature. Therefore in this, khandha exists only the changing nature of impermanent matter and the knowing nature of impermanent mind. Vedanākkhandha – feeling aggregate is the impermanent nature of feelings. Saññakkhandha – perceiving aggregate is the impermanent nature of perceptions. Hearing of what I am saying is consciousness. Perceiving of what I am saying is perception. Good for hearing is feeling-vedanā. Wanting to hear again is volitional formation-saṅkhārakkhandha. Therefore the four mind and mental khandhas arise together. The sound and ears are matter. These are the five intrinsic natures. Vipassanā is contemplating of these five intrinsic natures.

From samatha practice you can’t go directly to vipassanā practice. You have to build up two basic knowledges. The first one is nāmarūpapariggaha ñāṇa – Understanding the characteristics, etc., of mental and material phenomena. Separating the five khandhas, you get one matter (rūpa) and four mind (and mental) phenomena (nāma). Condense them together and get mind and matter. You have to contemplate these mind and matter. Contemplate with the penetrative knowing mind and not with the five physical doors. Follow behind sati with knowing. Before was only establishing for good sati. Now, have to develop knowledge that following behind sati with knowing. I’ll tell you how to do it. When you breathe in and at the entrance of the nostrils, touching and the knowing mind arise.

Before, do not think anything and only notice the touching. This was making the mind calm down. Only with the calm mind and knowledge will arise. With the touching and the mind knows it. These two are intrinsic natures. Follow with knowledge for “what’s touching” and “what’s knowing”. You must know the touching and the knowing. You have to understand them with differentiation. The air and nostrils are form (rūpa). These two intrinsic natures are touching each other. These are the touching of hardness of the earth element and the movement of the air element. Knowing of them is the mind dhamma. We’re alive with the arising of mind and matter. We go for shopping. With the eyes see a piece of cloth. We eat foods. With the contact of food and the tongue, and taste consciousness arises. Before their contact it doesn’t arise. It arises now at the present moment. All mind and matter are arising at the present moment. Vipassanā practice is contemplating the present moment, arising khandha.

Thinking about what already has happened is not vipassanā. Vipassanā is to know what’s arising now. Now, you’re sitting here and feeling (vedanā) arises. Is it the back pain or the changing of form (rūpa)? It’s the changing of form and the mind knows it. Do you have to know it as pain, pain? You have to contemplate it as the mind knows the change of form. And it’s not pain and becomes the object of vipassanā. Without knowing the change and you don’t know the pain. In the operation room, the patient doesn’t feel the operation. Only with knowing, feel the pain. Today in the contemplation of the khandha, forms contacts every time, you must know them. Touching is form and knowing is the mind.

Now, you’re sitting here. Why are you sitting here? Because you want to sit. Wanting to sit is the mind and the sitting is form. You’re eating foods. Wanting to eat is the mind and the eating is form. Before I was talking about with the condition of forms and mind arose. Now, is with the condition of the mind and form arises. In breathing in and out, wanting to breathe in is the mind and the breathing is form. Knowing there as mind and matter, etc. The whole day is the working of mind and form, but we take it as we’re doing for it.

Is it me or other, man or woman, who really done it? It is mind and form. We become conceited because of me and other; person and being. Now, you’re sitting here. And are there any mind and form of the sitting still exist if you getting up? It dies away and we’re now with the new mind and form of standing. It’s replacing with new mind and form. Form standing and starts stepping. Is there any standing of mind and form exist? If it’s not there, then it dies away and disappears. How many times you’re dying every day? Are you alive or dying for many times? It’s not the view of ordinary people. Now, we’re arriving to the view of insight knowledge. Therefore the whole day and times many deaths are piling up.

In one life, dying only once is the conventional death. But ultimate death are many times, even you don’t need for sending of to the cemetery. But we’re carrying around these corpses with us. Later you’ll know this khandha is good or bad. If you think you’re alive, that’s the view of eternalism. If you think after dying and everything is finished, that’s the view of annihilationism. Today you have to contemplate every process as mind and matter. And then you’ll get the knowledge of mind and form.

To contemplate the present five khandhas arise is seeing one’s death. Then you’ll not have the view of tomorrow I’ll still alive. Clinging to me and other, person and being disappear. All living beings are only mind and form. Giving names to things are only for convenience and called concepts (paññatti). Vipassanā is not contemplating the concepts. In the mirror, what we see as pretty, ugly, fat, thin, etc., do not really exist, and only thoughts or concepts. These are only mind and form.

We’re looking at things with concepts that it becomes white complexion, beautiful, etc. What really exists is arising and passing away of impermanence. So, it’s dukkha – suffering. It doesn’t follow our desire and not-self (anatta). The views of worldlings and yogis are opposite. The things people think as good are loathsome to yogis. However you see yourself as beautiful and pretty. Do you see the khandha becomes old and degenerated? The hairs become white slowly, the teeth broken and skin becomes wrinkled. The molecules in the body disintegrated and falling apart. Now, you practice to know mind and form arise. Why you have to do it? Because to dispel wrong views.



第六天:20021022



我們今天抵達了修行過程中的另一個階段——轉化的前奏
這需要你清楚理解修行的方法與本質


我們將從止(samatha)修行發展至觀(vipassanā)修行
並開始進入觀智(vipassanā ñāṇa)的階段

在初步的觀智中,有兩種基本的智慧必須建立:

  1. 名色分別智(nāma-rūpa pariccheda ñāṇa:辨識名法與色法的本質特徵

  2. 緣起分別智(paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa:辨識名色之間的因緣條件

這兩種智慧雖尚未正式進入觀智(vipassanā ñāṇa)本體,
但卻是邁入觀智之道的關鍵準備工作


在今天與第七天,我們要努力發展這兩種智慧。

為何要如此建立?

依莫哥尊者的教導,
我們必須先破除邪見(diṭṭhi

在緬甸,雖然禪修法門林立,
但幾乎沒有禪修中心將破邪見作為核心修行目標。
唯有莫哥尊者將此視為修行成功的關鍵,
他在許多法談中都強調:

不破邪見,終不得涅槃。

(佛陀與舍利弗尊者曾幫助部分外道或僧團中具邪見的比丘破除錯誤見解,相關內容可見於數部經中。)

修習內觀(vipassanā),
並非為求來世人天福報,
而是為了滅除「有愛」(bhava taṇhā
使我們不再取得新的五蘊(名色身心)

我們來此禪修,
是為了從苦中解脫


莫哥尊者以說法幫助行者破除邪見。
我透過教授內觀法門,
同樣協助你們破除邪見。
即使單聽尊者的開示,也能有所幫助。

但那僅止於聞慧的層次
尚未進入實觀的階段


現在,我們已經走到以實修來破除邪見的階段。

莫哥尊者曾說:

「若欲破除邪見,必須深入理解緣起法(paṭiccasamuppāda。」

不是透過書本上的文字去理解
而是要以修行來觀照這個身心五蘊的緣起運作(khandha paṭiccasamuppāda

觀智的內觀,
正是觀照這個當下身心的緣起過程,
而非思惟過去或未來的身心。


你也要明白何謂「五蘊」

大多數人將五蘊混同於「我」或鏡中之「身」,
但那只是概念化的形象(self-imposed body),
並不是真正的五蘊。


五蘊的本質是:


例如:你正在聽我說法。

這四個名法蘊同時運作。
而耳根與聲音是色法。

這就是五蘊的相續生起。


觀智的內觀就是觀照這些「五種實相本質」。
這才是真實的存在。


從止(samatha)到觀(vipassanā
不能直接跳躍,必須先建立兩項智慧。

  1. 名色分別智(nāmarūpapariccheda ñāṇa
    ——
    分辨出五蘊中「一蘊為色,四蘊為名」,總合為名色二法。

  2. 緣起分別智(paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa
    ——
    明白這些名色法如何依緣而生起。


如何修?

以觀照「呼吸」為例:

空氣是風界,鼻孔是地界,兩者相接的硬感與動感即是「觸」。

知道這點的是心,是名法。


所以:

「觸」是色法,「知」是名法。

我們的生命就是名法與色法不斷生起的過程。


比如:

這就是「名緣色」的緣起流。


觀行的重點在於:

當下所生起的五蘊——

「當下的五蘊才是觀智的對象,
思考過去的不是觀智,
思考未來的也不是觀智。」

例如你現在坐著:

你不需要將它命名為「痛」,
你只要知道:「色法正在變化,心知此變化。」

這就是觀。


打麻醉的人在手術中不會感到痛,
因為他沒有知覺(識)生起。

痛苦其實是:

有知覺生起 → 對變化產生認知 → 即感「痛」

所以,關鍵在「知道它的變化」
這才是觀智的本質。


一整天的身心活動,都是名與色的作用,
但我們卻執為:

是我在行動

而不是:

「這是名法與色法的因緣運作。」

你若還執著於「我」、「他」、「男人」、「女人」,
就會生起慢心與錯見。

現在你坐著,但等你站起來的時候,
剛剛的「坐的名色」已經滅去,
新的「站的名色」又重新生起。


所以,每一個動作中,
舊的名色不斷滅去,新的名色不斷生起。

這是無數次的生滅、無數次的「究竟死(paramattha-maraṇa」。

表面上,一生只死一次,
但在究竟法中,
我們一日無數次「生死交替」。


我們的身體就是「一具不斷死去的屍體」。
你若認為:「我還活著」,這是常見
你若認為:「死了就一切都完了」,這是斷見


今天開始,
你要在觀行中不斷地以「名法、色法」的方式來觀照一切現象,
這樣你就會獲得真正的「名色智」。


觀照當下五蘊的生起,
就是在見「生死的真相」。
這將使你不再有「明天我還會在」的執取。


「我」、「他」、「人」、「眾生」的錯見會因此消失。
一切生命,只是「名與色」。


我們平常所稱的名字、身分、角色,
只是一種「世俗假名(paññatti」,
這些不是觀智的對象。


比如:我們照鏡子時看到的「美麗、年輕、苗條」等形象,
那都不是實法,
只是假想與概念。


真實的存在是什麼?
是:


凡夫與修行者的見解完全相反。
凡夫以為美好可愛的事物,
對觀行者而言,往往是令人厭離的對象。


再看看你自己所執著的色身:
頭髮一根根轉白,牙齒逐漸脫落,皮膚皺紋叢生。
全身的分子結構正在崩壞。

你以為美麗的身體,其實正在分解腐壞中。


你現在的修行,目的正是為了「認識名色的生起」與「破除錯見」。

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

第六天:20021022



我們正進入另一個轉變過程的階段。需要清楚地理解修習的方式和修行的本質。從止禪的修習,我們將發展內觀。存在著洞察智慧的過程。

內觀有兩種基本的智慧:

這些還沒有達到內觀的智慧。這是為轉變做準備的部分。在第六天和第七天,我們將培養這兩種智慧。我們為什麼要建立這些智慧呢?根據莫哥大師的教導,我們必須破除邪見。緬甸出現了許多禪修體系,但沒有一個中心基於這一點。只有莫哥大師將其視為非常重要。他在一些開示中多次說過,如果沒有破除邪見而修行,就無法證得涅槃。

(正如一些經文所提到的,有些僧侶持有邪見。因此,佛陀和舍利弗尊者幫助他們破除邪見。)

修習內觀不是為了人類和天人的快樂,而是為了滅除對有的渴愛(bhava taṇhā),從而不再次獲得身心(五蘊)。我們來這裡修行是為了從苦中解脫出來。莫哥大師通過佛法開示幫助瑜伽行者破除邪見(diṭṭhi)。我講授內觀並幫助瑜伽行者破除邪見。聽聞莫哥大師的開示也是可能的。這還不是觀照的階段。(這是知性的知識。)現在,我們進入如何通過觀照來破除邪見的階段。尊者說:「如果你想破除邪見,有一件事你必須做。」

那就是理解緣起法(paṭiccasamuppāda)的教導。不是從書本上(即文字),而是通過對身心(即五蘊)過程的緣起進行實修來理解。內觀是對五蘊的緣起過程進行觀照;而不是過去和未來的五蘊,而是當下生起的五蘊。而且你還必須知道五蘊是什麼。至於五蘊,大多數人將其與自我強加的身體混淆。你在鏡子裡看到的只是自我強加的身體,而不是真正的五蘊。五蘊是一種內在的性質。有五種五蘊。如果你仔細觀察,物質的性質是堅硬/柔軟、熱/冷、膨脹/壓力、凝聚/流動(這是地、火、風、水四大元素)。這些是其內在的性質和物質元素。這些作為性質存在於自然界中。談論物質身體的形狀和外觀是普通人的說法。聰明的人——內觀瑜伽行者和科學家談論的是作為物質的內在性質。

變化或無常的內在性質是物質。如果我們談論物質(rūpa),你必須將其理解或視為變化或無常。這些是對物質的詮釋。識(viññāṇa)是內在知覺性質的無常。因此,在五蘊中,只存在無常物質的變化性質和無常心的知覺性質。受蘊(vedanākkhandha)是感受的無常性質。想蘊(saññakkhandha)是知覺的無常性質。聽到我說話是識。感知我說話是想。聽起來好聽是受(vedanā)。想要再次聽到是行蘊(saṅkhārakkhandha)。因此,四種心和心所蘊同時生起。聲音和耳朵是物質。這些是五種內在性質。內觀是對這五種內在性質的觀照。

從止禪的修習,你不能直接進入內觀的修習。你必須建立兩種基本的智慧。第一種是名色分別智(nāmarūpapariggaha ñāṇa)——理解精神和物質現象的特性等等。分離五蘊,你得到一種物質(色)和四種精神(和心所)現象(名)。將它們凝聚在一起,得到名和色。你必須觀照這些名和色。以具有穿透力的知覺心觀照,而不是通過五個物質的感官門。在正念之後跟隨著知覺。以前只是為了建立良好的正念。現在,必須發展知覺,在正念之後跟隨著知覺。我將告訴你如何去做。當你吸氣時,在鼻孔的入口處,觸覺和知覺心生起。

以前,不要想任何事情,只注意觸覺。這是使心平靜下來。只有心平靜下來,智慧才會生起。隨著觸覺,心知道它。這兩者是內在的性質。跟隨著知覺去了解「什麼在觸摸」和「什麼在知覺」。你必須知道觸摸和知覺。你必須通過區分來理解它們。空氣和鼻孔是色(rūpa)。這兩種內在性質相互接觸。這是地大的堅硬和風大的運動的接觸。對它們的知覺是心法。我們在名色生起中活著。我們去購物。眼睛看到一塊布。我們吃食物。食物和舌頭接觸,味識生起。在它們接觸之前它不會生起。它現在在當下生起。所有名色都在當下生起。內觀是對當下生起的五蘊進行觀照。

思考已經發生的事情不是內觀。內觀是知道現在正在生起的是什麼。現在,你坐在這裡,感受(vedanā)生起。是背痛還是色的變化?是色的變化,心知道它。你必須將其視為疼痛、疼痛嗎?你必須將其觀照為心知道色的變化。它不是疼痛,而是內觀的對象。如果不知道變化,你就不知道疼痛。在手術室裡,病人感覺不到手術。只有知道,才會感覺到疼痛。今天在觀照五蘊時,色每時每刻都在接觸,你必須知道它們。觸是色,知是心。

現在,你坐在這裡。你為什麼坐在這裡?因為你想坐。想坐是心,坐是色。你在吃食物。想吃是心,吃是色。之前我談到的是在色的條件下心生起。現在,是在心的條件下色生起。在吸氣和呼氣時,想吸氣是心,呼吸是色。知道那裡是名和色等等。整天都是名色的運作,但我們認為是我們在做。

真正做這件事的是我還是他人,男人還是女人?是名和色。我們因為我和他人、人與眾生而變得自負。現在,你坐在這裡。如果你站起來,坐的任何名色還存在嗎?它消失了,我們現在是站立的新名色。它被新的名色所取代。色站立,然後開始邁步。站立的名色還存在嗎?如果它不存在了,那麼它就消失了。你每天死亡多少次?你是活著還是多次死亡?這不是普通人的觀點。現在,我們正進入內觀智慧的觀點。因此,整天和所有時間,許多死亡都在堆積。

在一生中,只有一次死亡是世俗的死亡。但究竟的死亡有很多次,甚至不需要送到墓地。但我們卻隨身攜帶著這些屍體。之後你就會知道這個五蘊是好是壞。如果你認為自己活著,那是常見(sassatadiṭṭhi)。如果你認為死後一切都結束了,那是斷見(ucchedadiṭṭhi)。今天你必須將每個過程都觀照為名和色。然後你就會獲得名色的知識。

觀照當下五蘊的生起就是看到自己的死亡。然後你就不會有「明天我還活著」的觀點。對我和他人、人與眾生的執著消失了。所有眾生都只是名和色。給事物命名只是為了方便,稱為概念(paññatti)。內觀不是觀照概念。在鏡子裡,我們看到的漂亮、醜陋、胖、瘦等等,並非真實存在,只是想法或概念。這些都只是名和色。

我們以概念來看事物,所以它變成白皙的膚色、美麗等等。真正存在的是無常的生起和滅去。所以,它是苦(dukkha)——痛苦。它不隨順我們的意願,也不是自我(anatta)。世俗人和瑜伽行者的觀點是相反的。人們認為好的事物,瑜伽行者卻認為是令人厭惡的。無論你如何看待自己是美麗和漂亮的。你看到五蘊變得衰老和退化了嗎?頭髮慢慢變白,牙齒斷裂,皮膚變得皺紋。身體裡的分子分解和瓦解。現在,你修行以知道名色生起。你為什麼必須這樣做?因為要破除邪見。



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